Add special handling for typing.get_args #13196

Job	Run time
Test mypyc suite with 32-bit Python	6m 47s
Test suite with Python nightly	14m 32s
Test suite with py38-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	18m 10s
Test suite with py38-windows-64	19m 45s
Test suite with py39-ubuntu	17m 54s
Test suite with py310-ubuntu	16m 9s
Test suite with py311-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	17m 29s
Test suite with py312-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	18m 33s
mypyc runtime tests with py39-macos	6m 24s
mypyc runtime tests with py38-debug-build-ubuntu	4m 33s
Type check our own code (py38-ubuntu)	1m 55s
Type check our own code (py38-windows-64)	2m 34s
Formatting and code style with Black + ruff	34s
	2h 25m 19s

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