Disallow calling type on Protocol #13829

Job	Run time
Test mypyc suite with 32-bit Python	1h 4m 45s
Test suite with py38-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	1h 4m 33s
Test suite with py38-windows-64	1h 4m 36s
Test suite with py39-ubuntu	1h 4m 33s
Test suite with py310-ubuntu	1h 4m 35s
Test suite with py311-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	1h 4m 32s
Test suite with py312-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	1h 4m 32s
Test suite with py313-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	1h 4m 37s
mypyc runtime tests with py39-macos	4m 53s
Type check our own code (py38-ubuntu)	1m 49s
Type check our own code (py38-windows-64)	2m 29s
Formatting and code style with Black + ruff	54s
	8h 46m 48s

Provide feedback