Upgrade docker/docker package

[matttrach]

This prevents issues like #4223 in future releases.

This will update the version of the docker/docker package to v20.10.24 in order to resolve CVE-2023-28840.

I was able to verify that Trivy no longer reports a vulnerability by building the binary, packing it into a container image locally, and scanning the image:

Test output

Running trivy against rke2 bin built on changes:

Dev: root@dev ~  trivy image --scanners vuln -s HIGH,CRITICAL docker.io/library/rke2-local:after
2023-05-12T22:53:02.368Z        INFO    Vulnerability scanning is enabled
2023-05-12T22:53:03.830Z        INFO    Number of language-specific files: 1
2023-05-12T22:53:03.830Z        INFO    Detecting gobinary vulnerabilities...

Running Trivy against rke2 bin built on master:

trivy image --scanners vuln -s HIGH,CRITICAL docker.io/library/rke2-local:master
2023-05-12T22:54:24.954Z        INFO    Vulnerability scanning is enabled
2023-05-12T22:54:26.347Z        INFO    Number of language-specific files: 1
2023-05-12T22:54:26.347Z        INFO    Detecting gobinary vulnerabilities...

rke2-master (gobinary)

Total: 1 (HIGH: 1, CRITICAL: 0)

┌──────────────────────────┬────────────────┬──────────┬────────────────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│         Library          │ Vulnerability  │ Severity │   Installed Version    │  Fixed Version   │                      Title                       │
├──────────────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ github.com/docker/docker │ CVE-2023-28840 │ HIGH     │ v20.10.12+incompatible │ 20.10.24, 23.0.3 │ Encrypted overlay network may be unauthenticated │
│                          │                │          │                        │                  │ https://avd.aquasec.com/nvd/cve-2023-28840       │
└──────────────────────────┴────────────────┴──────────┴────────────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘