Add mdbook user documentation

Makefile

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ help:
 	@echo "  fmt                  - Format code"
 	@echo "  clippy               - Run clippy lints"
 	@echo "  clean                - Clean build artifacts"
+	@echo "  book                 - Build the user documentation (mdbook)"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Environment Variables:"
 	@echo ""
@@ -329,6 +330,10 @@ clippy:
 clean:
 	$(CARGO) clean
 
+.PHONY: book
+book:
+	mdbook build book
+
 # Dafny commands
 dafny-translate:
 	@echo "Translating Dafny specification to Rust..."

book/book.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[book]
+authors = ["Rayls Network"]
+language = "en"
+src = "src"
+title = "RBFT User Guide"
+
+[build]
+build-dir = "../target/book"
+
+[output.html]
+git-repository-url = "https://github.com/raylsnetwork/rbft"

book/src/SUMMARY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Summary
+
+[Introduction](./introduction.md)
+
+# Getting Started
+
+- [Prerequisites](./getting-started/prerequisites.md)
+- [Installation](./getting-started/installation.md)
+
+# Running a Chain
+
+- [Local Testnet](./running/local-testnet.md)
+- [Follower Nodes](./running/follower-nodes.md)
+- [Validator Management](./running/validator-management.md)
+- [Docker Deployment](./running/docker.md)
+- [Kubernetes Deployment](./running/kubernetes.md)
+
+# Deploying Contracts
+
+- [Using Cast (Foundry)](./contracts/cast.md)
+- [QBFTValidatorSet Contract](./contracts/validator-set.md)
+- [Deploying Your Own Contracts](./contracts/deploying.md)
+
+# Interacting with the Chain
+
+- [Sending Transactions](./interacting/transactions.md)
+- [ERC20 Tokens](./interacting/erc20.md)
+- [Load Testing](./interacting/load-testing.md)
+
+# Operations
+
+- [Configuration Reference](./operations/configuration.md)
+- [Monitoring and Logs](./operations/monitoring.md)
+- [Troubleshooting](./operations/troubleshooting.md)
+
+# Architecture
+
+- [Overview](./architecture/overview.md)
+- [QBFT Consensus](./architecture/qbft.md)

book/src/architecture/overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# Architecture Overview
+
+RBFT is built as a layered system on top of Reth, the Rust Ethereum client.
+
+```
+┌─────────────────┐
+│  RPC Interface  │  HTTP JSON-RPC (ports 8545+)
+└────────┬────────┘
+         │
+┌────────▼────────┐
+│  Reth Engine    │  EVM execution, state management, transaction pool
+└────────┬────────┘
+         │
+┌────────▼────────┐
+│ RBFT Consensus  │  QBFT protocol, proposer rotation, validator management
+└────────┬────────┘
+         │
+┌────────▼────────┐
+│  RLPx Network   │  P2P messaging between validators and followers
+└─────────────────┘
+```
+
+## Crate structure
+
+### `rbft` (core library)
+
+The consensus protocol implementation with no Reth dependencies. Contains:
+
+- QBFT state machine (`NodeState`)
+- Message types (Proposal, Prepare, Commit, RoundChange, NewBlock)
+- Block validation and proposer election
+- Round change and timeout logic
+
+This crate is designed to be testable in isolation using an in-memory
+`NodeSwarm` simulation.
+
+### `rbft-node` (binary)
+
+Integrates the core library with Reth:
+
+- Custom consensus engine (`RbftConsensus`)
+- RLPx protocol handler for QBFT messages
+- Block building and execution via Reth
+- P2P connection management
+
+### `rbft-utils` (binary)
+
+Operator tooling:
+
+- Genesis generation (compiles and deploys QBFTValidatorSet contract)
+- Testnet orchestration (start/stop/monitor nodes)
+- Validator management (add/remove/status via contract calls)
+- Log analysis (logjam)
+
+### `rbft-megatx` (binary)
+
+Transaction load generator for stress testing.
+
+### `rbft-validator-inspector` (binary)
+
+Terminal UI for real-time validator monitoring.
+
+## Node types
+
+| Type | Has validator key | Participates in consensus | Produces blocks |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Validator (proposer) | Yes | Yes | Yes (when elected) |
+| Validator (non-proposer) | Yes | Yes | No |
+| Follower | No | No | No |
+
+## Data flow
+
+1. Transactions arrive via JSON-RPC
+2. The current proposer builds a block and broadcasts a `Proposal`
+3. Validators verify and send `Prepare` messages
+4. On quorum of prepares, validators send `Commit` messages
+5. On quorum of commits, the block is finalized
+6. A `NewBlock` message is broadcast so followers can update
+
+## Fault tolerance
+
+With `n` validators, RBFT tolerates `f = ⌊(n-1)/3⌋` Byzantine faults.
+The quorum size is `⌈(2n+1)/3⌉`.
+
+| Validators | Max faults | Quorum |
+|---|---|---|
+| 4 | 1 | 3 |
+| 7 | 2 | 5 |
+| 10 | 3 | 7 |

book/src/architecture/qbft.md

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# QBFT Consensus
+
+RBFT implements the QBFT (Quorum Byzantine Fault Tolerant) consensus protocol,
+a practical BFT algorithm designed for permissioned blockchain networks.
+
+## References
+
+- [The Istanbul BFT Consensus Algorithm (IBFT paper)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.03613)
+- [QBFT Formal Specification (ConsenSys)](https://github.com/ConsenSys/qbft-formal-spec-and-verification)
+
+## Protocol overview
+
+QBFT operates in rounds within each block height. Each round has a designated
+proposer determined by round-robin rotation.
+
+### Normal case (round 0)
+
+1. **Block timeout** — the proposer waits for the block interval, then
+   broadcasts a `Proposal` containing the new block.
+2. **Prepare** — validators verify the proposal and broadcast a `Prepare`
+   message.
+3. **Commit** — once a validator receives a quorum of prepares, it broadcasts
+   a `Commit` message with a commit seal.
+4. **Finalize** — once a quorum of commits is collected, the block is added
+   to the chain with the commit seals embedded in the header.
+5. **NewBlock** — the committed block is broadcast so all nodes (including
+   followers) can update their chains.
+
+### Round change
+
+If the proposer fails to propose within the timeout, validators trigger a
+round change:
+
+1. Each validator sends a `RoundChange` message for the next round.
+2. When a quorum of round changes is collected, the new round's proposer
+   creates a proposal with a justification (the round change messages).
+3. The protocol continues from step 2 (prepare phase).
+
+### Timeout schedule
+
+Round timeouts grow exponentially to avoid thrashing:
+
+```
+timeout(r) = first_interval * growth_factor^r
+```
+
+Default values:
+
+| Parameter | Default |
+|---|---|
+| `first_interval` | 1.0 s |
+| `growth_factor` | 2.0 |
+| `max_round` | 10 |
+
+## Proposer election
+
+The proposer for a given round is determined by:
+
+```
+proposer_index = (height + round) % num_validators
+```
+
+This ensures fair rotation across validators and rounds.
+
+## Quorum and fault tolerance
+
+For `n` validators:
+
+- Maximum Byzantine faults tolerated: `f = ⌊(n-1)/3⌋`
+- Quorum size: `q = ⌈(2n+1)/3⌉`
+
+The protocol guarantees safety (no conflicting blocks are finalized) as long as
+at most `f` validators are faulty. It guarantees liveness as long as at least
+`q` validators are honest and connected.
+
+## Validator sets and epochs
+
+The validator set can change dynamically through the QBFTValidatorSet contract.
+Changes take effect at epoch boundaries (every `epochLength` blocks) to ensure
+all validators agree on the set for a given block range.

book/src/contracts/cast.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Using Cast (Foundry)
+
+[Cast](https://book.getfoundry.sh/cast/) is a CLI tool from Foundry for
+interacting with EVM-compatible chains. It is the recommended way to send
+transactions and query state on an RBFT network.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash
+foundryup
+```
+
+Verify:
+
+```bash
+cast --version
+```
+
+## Common operations
+
+All examples assume the default testnet RPC at `http://localhost:8545`.
+
+### Check block height
+
+```bash
+cast bn
+```
+
+### Query an account balance
+
+```bash
+cast balance 0x7E5F4552091A69125d5DfCb7b8C2659029395Bdf
+```
+
+### Send ETH
+
+```bash
+cast send 0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 \
+  --value 1ether \
+  --private-key 0x<YOUR_KEY> \
+  --rpc-url http://localhost:8545
+```
+
+### Derive an address from a private key
+
+```bash
+cast wallet address --private-key 0x<YOUR_KEY>
+```
+
+### Call a contract (read-only)
+
+```bash
+cast call 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000001001 \
+  "getValidators()(address[])" \
+  --rpc-url http://localhost:8545
+```
+
+### Send a contract transaction
+
+```bash
+cast send 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000001001 \
+  "addValidator(address,string)" \
+  0xABCD... "enode://..." \
+  --private-key 0x<ADMIN_KEY> \
+  --rpc-url http://localhost:8545
+```

book/src/contracts/deploying.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Deploying Your Own Contracts
+
+RBFT chains are fully EVM-compatible. Any contract that works on Ethereum can be
+deployed to an RBFT network using standard tools.
+
+## Using Foundry (forge)
+
+Create a project and deploy:
+
+```bash
+forge init my-contract
+cd my-contract
+
+# Edit src/Counter.sol, then deploy:
+forge create src/Counter.sol:Counter \
+  --rpc-url http://localhost:8545 \
+  --private-key 0x<YOUR_KEY>
+```
+
+## Using cast with raw bytecode
+
+```bash
+cast send --create <BYTECODE> \
+  --private-key 0x<YOUR_KEY> \
+  --rpc-url http://localhost:8545
+```
+
+## Using Hardhat
+
+In `hardhat.config.js`:
+
+```javascript
+module.exports = {
+  networks: {
+    rbft: {
+      url: "http://localhost:8545",
+      accounts: ["0x<YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY>"]
+    }
+  }
+};
+```
+
+Deploy:
+
+```bash
+npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network rbft
+```
+
+## Getting test funds
+
+On a default local testnet, the admin account
+(`0x7E5F4552091A69125d5DfCb7b8C2659029395Bdf`, derived from key `0x000...0001`)
+is pre-funded with ETH. Transfer from it to fund your deployment account:
+
+```bash
+cast send 0x<YOUR_ADDRESS> \
+  --value 100ether \
+  --private-key 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 \
+  --rpc-url http://localhost:8545
+```
+
+## Chain ID
+
+The chain ID is set in `genesis.json`. Check it with:
+
+```bash
+cast chain-id --rpc-url http://localhost:8545
+```