GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA locals #150485

dianqk · 2025-12-29T14:11:18Z

Fixes #141313. This is a more principled fix than #147886.

Using a reference that is not a borrowing of an SSA local at a new location may be UB.

The PR has two major changes.

The first one, when introducing a new dereference at a new location, is that the reference must point to an SSA local or be an immutable argument. dereference_address has handled SSA locals.

The second one, if we cannot guard to the reference point to an SSA local in visit_assign, we have to rewrite the value to opaque. This avoids unifying the following dereferences that also are references:

let b: &T = *a;
// ... `a` is allowed to be modified. `c` and `b` have different borrowing lifetime.
// Unifing them will extend the lifetime of `b`.
let c: &T = *a;

Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

Benchmarking this pull request means it may be perf-sensitive – we'll automatically label it not fit for rolling up. You can override this, but we strongly advise not to, due to possible changes in compiler perf.

Next Steps: If you can justify the regressions found in this try perf run, please do so in sufficient writing along with @rustbot label: +perf-regression-triaged. If not, please fix the regressions and do another perf run. If its results are neutral or positive, the label will be automatically removed.

@bors rollup=never
@rustbot label: -S-waiting-on-perf +perf-regression

Instruction count

Our most reliable metric. Used to determine the overall result above. However, even this metric can be noisy.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.3%	[0.1%, 0.9%]	20
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.4%	[0.1%, 2.0%]	27
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.6%	[-1.2%, -0.2%]	4
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.2%	[-0.4%, -0.1%]	7
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.1%	[-1.2%, 0.9%]	24

Max RSS (memory usage)

Results (primary -1.1%, secondary -4.7%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	2.4%	[1.9%, 2.8%]	2
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	-	-	0
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-3.4%	[-6.8%, -0.6%]	3
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-4.7%	[-6.5%, -3.7%]	3
All ❌✅ (primary)	-1.1%	[-6.8%, 2.8%]	5

Cycles

This benchmark run did not return any relevant results for this metric.

Binary size

Results (primary 0.1%, secondary 0.0%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.7%	[0.0%, 6.9%]	11
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.1%	[0.0%, 0.2%]	14
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.1%	[-1.0%, -0.0%]	27
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.1%	[-0.1%, -0.0%]	5
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.1%	[-1.0%, 6.9%]	38

Bootstrap: 475.254s -> 472.456s (-0.59%)
Artifact size: 390.85 MiB -> 390.82 MiB (-0.01%)

dianqk · 2026-01-02T14:21:44Z

@bors try parent=fcd630976c460c819c4bbcaf107d0c94501205d8 @rust-timer queue

[DRAFT] GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA-locals

rust-bors · 2026-01-02T16:45:18Z

☀️ Try build successful (CI)
Build commit: 2183340 (218334063dc5d70b7f9d69202bf22750167c6cbf, parent: fcd630976c460c819c4bbcaf107d0c94501205d8)

rust-timer · 2026-01-02T19:12:15Z

Finished benchmarking commit (2183340): comparison URL.

Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

Benchmarking this pull request means it may be perf-sensitive – we'll automatically label it not fit for rolling up. You can override this, but we strongly advise not to, due to possible changes in compiler perf.

Next Steps: If you can justify the regressions found in this try perf run, please do so in sufficient writing along with @rustbot label: +perf-regression-triaged. If not, please fix the regressions and do another perf run. If its results are neutral or positive, the label will be automatically removed.

@bors rollup=never
@rustbot label: -S-waiting-on-perf +perf-regression

Instruction count

Our most reliable metric. Used to determine the overall result above. However, even this metric can be noisy.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.3%	[0.1%, 0.9%]	17
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.3%	[0.1%, 0.8%]	23
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.6%	[-1.2%, -0.2%]	4
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.2%	[-0.4%, -0.1%]	8
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.1%	[-1.2%, 0.9%]	21

Max RSS (memory usage)

Results (primary -1.9%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	1.7%	[1.7%, 1.7%]	1
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	-	-	0
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-3.0%	[-4.6%, -0.6%]	3
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-	-	0
All ❌✅ (primary)	-1.9%	[-4.6%, 1.7%]	4

Cycles

Results (secondary -2.3%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	-	-	0
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	-	-	0
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-	-	0
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-2.3%	[-2.3%, -2.3%]	1
All ❌✅ (primary)	-	-	0

Binary size

Results (primary 0.2%, secondary 0.1%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.7%	[0.0%, 6.9%]	11
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.1%	[0.0%, 0.2%]	14
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.2%	[-0.9%, -0.0%]	11
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.1%	[-0.1%, -0.0%]	5
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.2%	[-0.9%, 6.9%]	22

Bootstrap: 475.254s -> 472.783s (-0.52%)
Artifact size: 390.85 MiB -> 390.84 MiB (-0.00%)

rust-bors · 2026-01-21T00:40:52Z

☀️ Try build successful (CI)
Build commit: 9e686b3 (9e686b35643ef3cd283a81a855b9fdcb961addca, parent: fe98ddcfcfb6f185dbf4adeaf439d8a756da0273)

rust-timer · 2026-01-21T01:49:27Z

Finished benchmarking commit (9e686b3): comparison URL.

Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

Benchmarking this pull request means it may be perf-sensitive – we'll automatically label it not fit for rolling up. You can override this, but we strongly advise not to, due to possible changes in compiler perf.

Next Steps: If you can justify the regressions found in this try perf run, please do so in sufficient writing along with @rustbot label: +perf-regression-triaged. If not, please fix the regressions and do another perf run. If its results are neutral or positive, the label will be automatically removed.

@bors rollup=never
@rustbot label: -S-waiting-on-perf +perf-regression

Instruction count

Our most reliable metric. Used to determine the overall result above. However, even this metric can be noisy.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.4%	[0.2%, 0.8%]	5
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.3%	[0.0%, 1.2%]	26
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.5%	[-1.0%, -0.2%]	5
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.2%	[-0.4%, -0.0%]	7
All ❌✅ (primary)	-0.0%	[-1.0%, 0.8%]	10

Max RSS (memory usage)

Results (primary -1.1%, secondary 2.8%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	2.5%	[2.5%, 2.5%]	1
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	4.0%	[1.6%, 5.6%]	8
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-2.3%	[-2.8%, -1.8%]	3
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-2.2%	[-3.2%, -1.2%]	2
All ❌✅ (primary)	-1.1%	[-2.8%, 2.5%]	4

Cycles

Results (secondary -1.7%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	-	-	0
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	5.9%	[4.2%, 7.6%]	2
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-	-	0
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-5.5%	[-9.5%, -2.1%]	4
All ❌✅ (primary)	-	-	0

Binary size

Results (primary 0.2%, secondary 0.0%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.5%	[0.0%, 6.9%]	16
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.1%	[0.1%, 0.1%]	9
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.3%	[-1.0%, -0.0%]	12
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.1%	[-0.2%, -0.0%]	7
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.2%	[-1.0%, 6.9%]	28

Bootstrap: 473.229s -> 473.099s (-0.03%)
Artifact size: 383.52 MiB -> 383.50 MiB (-0.00%)

dianqk · 2026-01-21T13:55:28Z

The new change may introduce more regressions.
@bors try parent=fe98ddcfcfb6f185dbf4adeaf439d8a756da0273 @rust-timer queue

GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA locals

rust-bors · 2026-01-21T16:12:08Z

☀️ Try build successful (CI)
Build commit: 8eb4b3c (8eb4b3c6281cc5b61af4ae4a0bc2fe2b95546c08, parent: fe98ddcfcfb6f185dbf4adeaf439d8a756da0273)

rust-timer · 2026-01-21T16:52:27Z

Finished benchmarking commit (8eb4b3c): comparison URL.

Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

Benchmarking this pull request means it may be perf-sensitive – we'll automatically label it not fit for rolling up. You can override this, but we strongly advise not to, due to possible changes in compiler perf.

Next Steps: If you can justify the regressions found in this try perf run, please do so in sufficient writing along with @rustbot label: +perf-regression-triaged. If not, please fix the regressions and do another perf run. If its results are neutral or positive, the label will be automatically removed.

@bors rollup=never
@rustbot label: -S-waiting-on-perf +perf-regression

Instruction count

Our most reliable metric. Used to determine the overall result above. However, even this metric can be noisy.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.4%	[0.2%, 0.8%]	10
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.3%	[0.0%, 1.3%]	19
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.3%	[-0.4%, -0.2%]	5
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.2%	[-0.4%, -0.0%]	7
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.1%	[-0.4%, 0.8%]	15

Max RSS (memory usage)

Results (primary 3.2%, secondary 2.5%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	6.5%	[2.8%, 10.5%]	3
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	3.7%	[1.6%, 5.2%]	8
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-1.9%	[-1.9%, -1.9%]	2
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-2.3%	[-3.5%, -1.1%]	2
All ❌✅ (primary)	3.2%	[-1.9%, 10.5%]	5

Cycles

Results (primary -3.0%, secondary -2.1%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	-	-	0
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	5.0%	[3.8%, 6.2%]	2
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-3.0%	[-3.0%, -3.0%]	1
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-5.7%	[-9.6%, -2.3%]	4
All ❌✅ (primary)	-3.0%	[-3.0%, -3.0%]	1

Binary size

Results (primary 0.1%, secondary -0.0%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.5%	[0.0%, 6.9%]	18
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.1%	[0.1%, 0.1%]	9
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.1%	[-1.5%, -0.0%]	35
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.1%	[-0.2%, -0.0%]	10
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.1%	[-1.5%, 6.9%]	53

Bootstrap: 473.229s -> 471.231s (-0.42%)
Artifact size: 383.52 MiB -> 383.43 MiB (-0.03%)

cjgillot

~~Do you mind pre-commiting the new tests? This will make the changes easier to review.~~ EDIT: Sorry, I misread.

View changes since this review

cjgillot · 2026-01-25T23:01:34Z

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs

        let mut projection = SmallVec::<[PlaceElem<'tcx>; 1]>::new();
        loop {
            if let Some(local) = self.try_as_local(index, loc) {
+                if projection.last() == Some(&PlaceElem::Deref) {


Can this be moved as a case if let Value::Projection(pointer, ProjectionElem::Deref) = self.get(index) below? That would be the only way to get a deref as last place.

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs

cjgillot · 2026-01-25T23:02:27Z

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/gvn.rs

+                    let mut deref_root = index;
+                    loop {
+                        let ty = self.ty(deref_root);
+                        match self.get(deref_root) {


The different cases in this match deserve a few comments.

The new change should be more understandable. Those cases may not be necessary. https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/compare/30561d92498fc154039b825ce4e44cd2781c9d9f..810907c29e64ac6149b6672714f92b6c02abb441

cjgillot · 2026-01-25T23:05:51Z

tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/slice_filter.variant_a-{closure#0}.PreCodegen.after.mir

-        _6 = Le(copy _4, copy _5);
-        switchInt(move _6) -> [0: bb2, otherwise: bb1];
+        // DBG: _16 = &((*_3).0: usize);
+        _4 = copy (*_2);


Why does this stop unifying with _3?

This is what I mention as the second change. And it is the same as #130853. We cannot unify the dereferences if they are also references because they can extend the lifetime of references.

I modified the description some.

…cals

dianqk · 2026-01-26T14:21:49Z

I believe the regressions in #150485 (comment) are from 810907c.

@bors try parent=fe98ddcfcfb6f185dbf4adeaf439d8a756da0273 @rust-timer queue

GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA locals

rust-bors · 2026-01-26T16:39:43Z

☀️ Try build successful (CI)
Build commit: 384410c (384410c0d2e3910ac9e6d1fe3df260c18899cf8e, parent: fe98ddcfcfb6f185dbf4adeaf439d8a756da0273)

rust-timer · 2026-01-26T17:20:31Z

Finished benchmarking commit (384410c): comparison URL.

Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

Benchmarking this pull request means it may be perf-sensitive – we'll automatically label it not fit for rolling up. You can override this, but we strongly advise not to, due to possible changes in compiler perf.

Next Steps: If you can justify the regressions found in this try perf run, please do so in sufficient writing along with @rustbot label: +perf-regression-triaged. If not, please fix the regressions and do another perf run. If its results are neutral or positive, the label will be automatically removed.

@bors rollup=never
@rustbot label: -S-waiting-on-perf +perf-regression

Instruction count

Our most reliable metric. Used to determine the overall result above. However, even this metric can be noisy.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.3%	[0.2%, 0.6%]	5
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	0.3%	[0.0%, 1.7%]	18
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.5%	[-0.9%, -0.2%]	5
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.2%	[-0.3%, -0.1%]	7
All ❌✅ (primary)	-0.1%	[-0.9%, 0.6%]	10

Max RSS (memory usage)

Results (primary 0.2%, secondary 1.2%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	4.9%	[4.2%, 5.5%]	2
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	1.2%	[1.2%, 1.2%]	1
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-2.9%	[-4.2%, -1.6%]	3
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-	-	0
All ❌✅ (primary)	0.2%	[-4.2%, 5.5%]	5

Cycles

Results (secondary 3.8%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	-	-	0
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	3.8%	[2.2%, 5.9%]	3
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-	-	0
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-	-	0
All ❌✅ (primary)	-	-	0

Binary size

Results (primary -0.1%, secondary -0.1%)

A less reliable metric. May be of interest, but not used to determine the overall result above.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	0.1%	[0.0%, 0.2%]	10
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	-	-	0
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.1%	[-0.6%, -0.0%]	64
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-0.1%	[-0.2%, -0.0%]	32
All ❌✅ (primary)	-0.1%	[-0.6%, 0.2%]	74

Bootstrap: 473.229s -> 473.105s (-0.03%)
Artifact size: 383.52 MiB -> 383.47 MiB (-0.01%)

rustbot added S-waiting-on-author Status: This is awaiting some action (such as code changes or more information) from the author. T-compiler Relevant to the compiler team, which will review and decide on the PR/issue. labels Dec 29, 2025

dianqk mentioned this pull request Dec 29, 2025

GVN: Use the borrows only if they are always live #147886

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Auto merge of #150485 - dianqk:gvn-ssa-borrow, r=<try>

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[DRAFT] GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA-locals

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Auto merge of #150485 - dianqk:gvn-ssa-borrow, r=<try>

2183340

[DRAFT] GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA-locals

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dianqk mentioned this pull request Jan 3, 2026

GVN: Avoid merging borrows from the dereferenced value #150270

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dianqk added 2 commits January 17, 2026 21:17

Add miscompiled test cases for GVN

b8d08bb

GVN: Remove invalidate_derefs

e312df7

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Auto merge of #150485 - dianqk:gvn-ssa-borrow, r=<try>

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GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA locals

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dianqk force-pushed the gvn-ssa-borrow branch from 724eb83 to 30561d9 Compare January 22, 2026 00:29

cjgillot reviewed Jan 25, 2026

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dianqk added 2 commits January 26, 2026 22:05

GVN: Do not introduce new dereferences if they borrow from non-SSA lo…

c0583fb

…cals

GVN: Do not unify dereferences if they borrow from non-SSA locals

810907c

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rust-bors bot pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 26, 2026

Auto merge of #150485 - dianqk:gvn-ssa-borrow, r=<try>

384410c

GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA locals

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GVN: Only propagate borrows from SSA locals #150485

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Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

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Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

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Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

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Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

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Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - please read the text below

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dianqk commented Dec 29, 2025 •

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cjgillot left a comment •

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