Sentrix Whitepaper

Foundational paper for Sentrix Chain — a Layer-1 blockchain.

Author: Satya Kwok <satya@sentrixchain.com>

Contents

• sentrix-whitepaper-en.tex — English LaTeX source (v1.3.0)
• sentrix-whitepaper-en.pdf — English PDF (LaTeX-rendered, canonical)
• sentrix-whitepaper-en.md — English Markdown source (v1.3.0)
• sentrix-whitepaper-en.html — English HTML (browser-readable)
• sentrix-whitepaper-id.tex — Bahasa Indonesia LaTeX source (v1.3.0)
• sentrix-whitepaper-id.pdf — Bahasa Indonesia PDF (v1.3.0)
• sentrix-whitepaper-id.md — Bahasa Indonesia Markdown (v1.3.0)
• sentrix-whitepaper-id.html — Bahasa Indonesia HTML (v1.3.0)

Building from source

pdflatex sentrix-whitepaper-en.tex
pdflatex sentrix-whitepaper-en.tex   # second pass for cross-references

Requires texlive-latex-recommended, texlive-latex-extra, lmodern, and (for the ID build) texlive-lang-other. The English .tex uses newunicodechar mappings for math glyphs (⌊⌋⌈⌉∈Σ etc.) so plain pdflatex produces the canonical PDF without needing XeLaTeX.

Versions

• v1.3.0 (current) — Full revision targeting infra-grade protocol-specification rigor (Tendermint / Monad / Solana paper level). Each constant traces to a specific module path in sentrix-labs/sentrix@v2.1.56; Appendix A pins every parameter to its file of origin so future drift is detectable.

  Major upgrades over v1.2.4:

  • §2 System Model added: notation table, partial-synchrony assumption (Dwork- Lynch-Stockmeyer), adversarial model β < 1/3 of stake-Byzantine, SMR formalism.
  • §4 Voyager BFT formalized: round structure with PROPOSE / PREVOTE / PRECOMMIT / FINALIZE phases, real timeout values from crates/sentrix-bft/src/engine/timeouts.rs (PROPOSE 20s, PREVOTE 12s, PRECOMMIT 12s, linear backoff +1s propose / +2s votes per round, capped 30s, MAX_ROUND = 100), locking invariant, Agreement / Validity / Termination theorems with proof sketches, O(n²) message complexity.
  • §5 Execution Layer expanded: pipeline diagram, three determinism axioms (D1/D2/D3), fully-formalised STF pseudocode, forward-looking optimistic-parallel execution model (Block-STM-style).
  • §10 Performance Model added: TPS_max = MAX_TX_PER_BLOCK / BLOCK_TIME = 5,000, latency decomposition T_block = T_propose + T_prevote + T_precommit + T_apply, scalability bounds.
  • §11 Failure Handling explicit protocols for partition / equivocation / downtime / chain recovery, with the operator-side chain.db rsync runbook (pulls FROM canonical TO stale via ssh canonical-peer 'tar | tar -x').
  • §12 Benchmark Framework added: sequential reference engine + batched optimistic- parallel engine pseudocode, metrics definitions for tps, p50_latency, p99_latency, conflict_rate.
  • §13 Comparative Analysis restructured into three tables (execution model / consensus design / scalability approach) across Ethereum, Solana, Monad, Polygon PoS, Sentrix. MonadBFT correctly listed as O(n) per round (HotStuff-derivative with threshold aggregation).
  • §14 Open Problems expanded: parallel-execution determinism proof, light-client weak- subjectivity, cross-rail atomicity, NFT TokenOp activation, consensus-jail fix, EVM value-transfer fork-gate retirement, multi-implementation diversity, founder vesting.
  • 3 Mermaid diagrams in the Markdown source replace the v1.2.4 ASCII art (architecture, BFT round sequence, execution pipeline). The LaTeX source falls back to ASCII inside verbatim blocks for those three figures so the PDF renders without a TikZ pass.
  • Voice shifted strictly technical: retired "real-economy / Indonesia first / world after" framing from §1, §2, §9. The chain is described as what it is — an open-source EVM- compatible Layer-1 built in Rust — without market-strategy claims.

  Corrections of factual errors in v1.2.4 surfaced by the v1.3.0 audit:

  • Slashing constant correctly named DOUBLE_SIGN_SLASH_BP (v1.2.4 used the spec'd-but- unused name EQUIVOCATION_SLASH_BP).
  • Burn mechanism corrected: there is no BURN_ADDRESS sentinel. burn_share = total_fee.div_ceil(2) is debited from sender and never credited; supply contracts. v1.2.4 implied a sentinel.
  • MAX_ACTIVE_VALIDATORS = 21 is a compile-time const, not parametric (v1.2.4 was vague).
  • STATE_ROOT_FORK_HEIGHT = 100,000 is a compile-time const, not parametric.
  • Proposer selection is pure round-robin (h + r) mod n. The function name in the source is weighted_proposer but the body is unweighted.
  • Round advancement is timeout-only (per the 2026-04-17 leapfrog-stall fix); no vote- triggered or RoundStatus-triggered cross-round catch-up.

  The Bahasa Indonesia translation tracks v1.3.0 in this release.

• v1.2.4 — Two corrections: reworked §7.2 validator-revenue formula (subsidy is split pro-rata across precommit signers, not paid to the proposer; only fees go to proposer). Fixed §11.2 SentrixSafe deployment claim — was "deployed at genesis" but actually deployed shortly after Voyager activation as part of the canonical contracts set.

• v1.2.3 — Two corrections. First, the §6.4 premine table no longer carries fabricated sub-allocation strings ("market-making seed", "DEX liquidity bootstrap", "under multi- signature control") — those operational details belong in the mutable sentrixchain.com/docs/tokenomics page, not in the stable whitepaper. Second, reverted the v1.2.2 fee-routing description: the actual chain credits the 50% non-burn fee share directly to the block proposer's balance (immediate spendable). It is the block subsidy (1 SRX coinbase), not the fee, that goes through PROTOCOL_TREASURY for pro-rata distribution to precommit signers. v1.2.2 conflated the two paths.

• v1.2.2 — Technical-accuracy audit pass: transaction format, signing payload, and a JAIL_CONSENSUS risk note. (Note: this version introduced the fee-routing inaccuracy that v1.2.3 corrects.)

• v1.2.1 — LaTeX source (.tex) added, contact email satya@sentrixchain.com, "Focus Statement" preamble.

• v1.2 — Adds genesis allocation addresses (on-chain verifiable), validator onboarding requirements (§7.5), incident response model (§7.6), privacy posture (§8.7), expanded comparison with Aptos/Sui/Near, full governance section (§11) covering current binary- release coordination + SentrixSafe multisig + future on-chain governance + non-governable invariants, risk disclosures (Appendix B), legal notice (Appendix C), and About the Author.

• v1.1 — Vision, mission, and protocol depth: state transition function, BFT safety/ liveness, network model, transaction lifecycle, slashing matrix, long-range attack defense, comparison table, parameters appendix.

• v1.0 (initial) — Vision-first foundational document.

Citation

Kwok, S. (2026). Sentrix: A Layer-1 Blockchain — Protocol Specification (v1.3.0).
Sentrix Labs. https://github.com/sentrix-labs/whitepaper

License

The whitepaper text is licensed under CC BY 4.0. You may share, adapt, and build on this work with attribution.

The Sentrix Chain implementation is licensed separately — see sentrix-labs/sentrix for protocol code (BUSL-1.1).