Support async_std as a runtime

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ jobs:
           - name: Run the default tests
             package: ractor
             # flags: 
+          - name: Test ractor in async_std
+            package: ractor
+            flags: --features async-std
           - name: Test ractor with the `cluster` feature
             package: ractor
             flags: -F cluster

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+    "rust-analyzer.showUnlinkedFileNotification": false
+}

Cargo.toml

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ members = [
     "ractor_cluster_integration_tests",
     "xtask"
 ]
+resolver = "2"

README.md

@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@ The minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) of `ractor` is `1.64`
 
 ## Features
 
-`ractor` exposes a single feature currently, namely:
+`ractor` exposes the following features:
 
 1. `cluster`, which exposes various functionality required for `ractor_cluster` to set up and manage a cluster of actors over a network link. This is work-in-progress and is being tracked in [#16](https://github.com/slawlor/ractor/issues/16).
+2. `async-std`, which enables usage of `async-std`'s asynchronous runtime instead of the `tokio` runtime. **However** `tokio` remains a dependency because we utilize the messaging synchronization primatives from `tokio` regardless of runtime as they are not specific to the `tokio` runtime. This work is tracked in [#173](https://github.com/slawlor/ractor/pull/173).
 
 ## Working with Actors
 
@@ -183,11 +184,8 @@ will be supported by `ractor`. There are 4 concurrent message types, which are l
 
 1. Signals: Signals are the highest-priority of all and will interrupt the actor wherever processing currently is (this includes terminating async work). There
 is only 1 signal today, which is `Signal::Kill`, and it immediately terminates all work. This includes message processing or supervision event processing.
-2. Stop: There is also a pre-defined stop signal. You can give a "stop reason" if you want, but it's optional. Stop is a graceful exit, meaning currently executing async
-work will complete, and on the next message processing iteration Stop will take priority over future supervision events or regular messages. It will **not** terminate
-currently executing work, regardless of the provided reason.
-3. SupervisionEvent: Supervision events are messages from child actors to their supervisors in the event of their startup, death, and/or unhandled panic. Supervision events
-are how an actor's supervisor(s) are notified of events of their children and can handle lifetime events for them.
+2. Stop: There is also the pre-defined stop signal. You can give a "stop reason" if you want, but it's optional. Stop is a graceful exit, meaning currently executing async work will complete, and on the next message processing iteration Stop will take priority over future supervision events or regular messages. It will **not** terminate currently executing work, regardless of the provided reason.
+3. SupervisionEvent: Supervision events are messages from child actors to their supervisors in the event of their startup, death, and/or unhandled panic. Supervision events are how an actor's supervisor(parent) or peer monitors are notified of events of their children/peers and can handle lifetime events for them.
 4. Messages: Regular, user-defined, messages are the last channel of communication to actors. They are the lowest priority of the 4 message types and denote general actor work. The first
 3 messages types (signals, stop, supervision) are generally quiet unless it's a lifecycle event for the actor, but this channel is the "work" channel doing what your actor wants to do!
 
@@ -255,7 +253,7 @@ enum MyBasicMessageType {
 }
 ```
 
-which adds a significant amount of underlying boilerplate (take a look yourself with `cargo expand`!) for the implementation. But the short answer is, each enum variant needs to serialize to a byte array of arguments, a variant name, and if it's an RPC give a port that receives a byte array and de-serialize the reply back. Each of the types inside of either the arguments or reply type need to implement the ```ractor_cluster::BytesConvertable``` trait which just says this value can be written to a byte array and decoded from a byte array. If you're using `prost` for your message type definitions (protobuf), we have a macro to auto-implement this for your types.
+which adds a significant amount of underlying boilerplate (take a look yourself with `cargo expand`) for the implementation. But the short answer is, each enum variant needs to serialize to a byte array of arguments, a variant name, and if it's an RPC give a port that receives a byte array and de-serialize the reply back. Each of the types inside of either the arguments or reply type need to implement the ```ractor_cluster::BytesConvertable``` trait which just says this value can be written to a byte array and decoded from a byte array. If you're using `prost` for your message type definitions (protobuf), we have a macro to auto-implement this for your types.
 
 ```rust
 ractor_cluster::derive_serialization_for_prost_type! {MyProtobufType}

ractor/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "ractor"
-version = "0.9.2"
+version = "0.9.3"
 authors = ["Sean Lawlor", "Evan Au", "Dillon George"]
 description = "A actor framework for Rust"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/ractor"
@@ -14,14 +14,10 @@ categories = ["actor", "erlang"]
 rust-version = "1.64"
 
 [features]
-# WIP
-# tokio_runtime = ["tokio/time"]
-# async_std_runtime = ["async-std"]
-
-# default = ["tokio_runtime"]
-# default = ["async_std_runtime"]
-
+### Other features
 cluster = []
+
+# default = ["async-std"]
 default = []
 
 [dependencies]
@@ -31,8 +27,10 @@ dashmap = "5"
 futures = "0.3"
 once_cell = "1"
 rand = "0.8"
+
 # Tracing feature requires --cfg=tokio_unstable
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["sync", "time", "rt", "macros", "tracing"] }
+async-std = { version = "1", features = ["attributes"], optional = true}
 tracing = { version = "0.1", features = ["attributes"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]

ractor/benches/actor.rs

@@ -50,42 +50,80 @@ fn create_actors(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let large = 10000;
 
     let id = format!("Creation of {small} actors");
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
     let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread().build().unwrap();
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+    let _ = async_std::task::block_on(async {});
     c.bench_function(&id, move |b| {
         b.iter_batched(
             || {},
             |()| {
-                runtime.block_on(async move {
-                    let mut handles = vec![];
-                    for _ in 0..small {
-                        let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
-                            .await
-                            .expect("Failed to create test agent");
-                        handles.push(handler);
-                    }
-                    handles
-                })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move {
+                        let mut handles = vec![];
+                        for _ in 0..small {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            handles.push(handler);
+                        }
+                        handles
+                    })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        let mut handles = vec![];
+                        for _ in 0..small {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            handles.push(handler);
+                        }
+                        handles
+                    })
+                }
             },
             BatchSize::PerIteration,
         );
     });
 
     let id = format!("Creation of {large} actors");
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
     let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread().build().unwrap();
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+    let _ = async_std::task::block_on(async {});
     c.bench_function(&id, move |b| {
         b.iter_batched(
             || {},
             |()| {
-                runtime.block_on(async move {
-                    let mut handles = vec![];
-                    for _ in 0..large {
-                        let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
-                            .await
-                            .expect("Failed to create test agent");
-                        handles.push(handler);
-                    }
-                    handles
-                })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move {
+                        let mut handles = vec![];
+                        for _ in 0..large {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            handles.push(handler);
+                        }
+                        handles
+                    })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        let mut handles = vec![];
+                        for _ in 0..large {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            handles.push(handler);
+                        }
+                        handles
+                    })
+                }
             },
             BatchSize::PerIteration,
         );
@@ -97,47 +135,104 @@ fn schedule_work(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let large = 1000;
 
     let id = format!("Waiting on {small} actors to process first message");
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
     let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread().build().unwrap();
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+    let _ = async_std::task::block_on(async {});
     c.bench_function(&id, move |b| {
         b.iter_batched(
             || {
-                runtime.block_on(async move {
-                    let mut join_set = tokio::task::JoinSet::new();
-
-                    for _ in 0..small {
-                        let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
-                            .await
-                            .expect("Failed to create test agent");
-                        join_set.spawn(handler);
-                    }
-                    join_set
-                })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move {
+                        let mut join_set = ractor::concurrency::JoinSet::new();
+
+                        for _ in 0..small {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            join_set.spawn(handler);
+                        }
+                        join_set
+                    })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        let mut join_set = ractor::concurrency::JoinSet::new();
+
+                        for _ in 0..small {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            join_set.spawn(handler);
+                        }
+                        join_set
+                    })
+                }
             },
             |mut handles| {
-                runtime.block_on(async move { while handles.join_next().await.is_some() {} })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move { while handles.join_next().await.is_some() {} })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        while handles.join_next().await.is_some() {}
+                    })
+                }
             },
             BatchSize::PerIteration,
         );
     });
 
     let id = format!("Waiting on {large} actors to process first message");
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
     let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread().build().unwrap();
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+    let _ = async_std::task::block_on(async {});
     c.bench_function(&id, move |b| {
         b.iter_batched(
             || {
-                runtime.block_on(async move {
-                    let mut join_set = tokio::task::JoinSet::new();
-                    for _ in 0..large {
-                        let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
-                            .await
-                            .expect("Failed to create test agent");
-                        join_set.spawn(handler);
-                    }
-                    join_set
-                })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move {
+                        let mut join_set = ractor::concurrency::JoinSet::new();
+                        for _ in 0..large {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            join_set.spawn(handler);
+                        }
+                        join_set
+                    })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        let mut join_set = ractor::concurrency::JoinSet::new();
+                        for _ in 0..large {
+                            let (_, handler) = Actor::spawn(None, BenchActor, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test agent");
+                            join_set.spawn(handler);
+                        }
+                        join_set
+                    })
+                }
             },
             |mut handles| {
-                runtime.block_on(async move { while handles.join_next().await.is_some() {} })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move { while handles.join_next().await.is_some() {} })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        while handles.join_next().await.is_some() {}
+                    })
+                }
             },
             BatchSize::PerIteration,
         );
@@ -186,21 +281,47 @@ fn process_messages(c: &mut Criterion) {
     }
 
     let id = format!("Waiting on {NUM_MSGS} messages to be processed");
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
     let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread().build().unwrap();
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+    let _ = async_std::task::block_on(async {});
     c.bench_function(&id, move |b| {
         b.iter_batched(
             || {
-                runtime.block_on(async move {
-                    let (_, handle) = Actor::spawn(None, MessagingActor { num_msgs: NUM_MSGS }, ())
-                        .await
-                        .expect("Failed to create test actor");
-                    handle
-                })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move {
+                        let (_, handle) =
+                            Actor::spawn(None, MessagingActor { num_msgs: NUM_MSGS }, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test actor");
+                        handle
+                    })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        let (_, handle) =
+                            Actor::spawn(None, MessagingActor { num_msgs: NUM_MSGS }, ())
+                                .await
+                                .expect("Failed to create test actor");
+                        handle
+                    })
+                }
             },
             |handle| {
-                runtime.block_on(async move {
-                    let _ = handle.await;
-                })
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std"))]
+                {
+                    runtime.block_on(async move {
+                        let _ = handle.await;
+                    })
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+                {
+                    async_std::task::block_on(async move {
+                        let _ = handle.await;
+                    })
+                }
             },
             BatchSize::PerIteration,
         );

ractor/examples/philosophers.rs

@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ async fn main() {
     let time_slice = Duration::from_millis(10);
     let run_time = Duration::from_secs(5);
 
-    let philosopher_names = vec![
+    let philosopher_names = [
         "Confucius",
         "Descartes",
         "Benjamin Franklin",