Initial Ractor support

ext/sqlite3/extconf.rb

@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ def configure_extension
         # Functions defined in 2.1 but not 2.0
         have_func("rb_integer_pack")
 
+        # Functions defined in 3.0 but not 2.7
+        have_func("rb_ext_ractor_safe")
+
         # These functions may not be defined
         have_func("sqlite3_initialize")
         have_func("sqlite3_backup_init")

ext/sqlite3/sqlite3.c

@@ -91,6 +91,12 @@ init_sqlite3_constants(void)
     VALUE mSqlite3Constants;
     VALUE mSqlite3Open;
 
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_EXT_RACTOR_SAFE
+    if (sqlite3_threadsafe()) {
+        rb_ext_ractor_safe(true);
+    }
+#endif
+
     mSqlite3Constants = rb_define_module_under(mSqlite3, "Constants");
 
     /* sqlite3_open_v2 flags for Database::new */

lib/sqlite3.rb

@@ -14,4 +14,9 @@ module SQLite3
   def self.threadsafe?
     threadsafe > 0
   end
+
+  # Is the gem's C extension marked as Ractor-safe?
+  def self.ractor_safe?
+    threadsafe? && !defined?(Ractor).nil?
+  end
 end

sqlite3.gemspec

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
     "test/test_integration_aggregate.rb",
     "test/test_integration_open_close.rb",
     "test/test_integration_pending.rb",
+    "test/test_integration_ractor.rb",
     "test/test_integration_resultset.rb",
     "test/test_integration_statement.rb",
     "test/test_pragmas.rb",

test/helper.rb

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 puts "info: sqlite version: #{SQLite3::SQLITE_VERSION}/#{SQLite3::SQLITE_LOADED_VERSION}"
 puts "info: sqlcipher?: #{SQLite3.sqlcipher?}"
 puts "info: threadsafe?: #{SQLite3.threadsafe?}"
+puts "info: ractor_safe?: #{SQLite3.ractor_safe?}"
 
 module SQLite3
   class TestCase < Minitest::Test

test/test_integration_ractor.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "helper"
+require "fileutils"
+
+class IntegrationRactorTestCase < SQLite3::TestCase
+  STRESS_DB_NAME = "stress.db"
+
+  def setup
+    teardown
+  end
+
+  def teardown
+    FileUtils.rm_rf(Dir.glob("#{STRESS_DB_NAME}*"))
+  end
+
+  def test_ractor_safe
+    skip unless RUBY_VERSION >= "3.0" && SQLite3.threadsafe?
+    assert_predicate SQLite3, :ractor_safe?
+  end
+
+  def test_ractor_share_database
+    skip("Requires Ruby with Ractors") unless SQLite3.ractor_safe?
+
+    db = SQLite3::Database.open(":memory:")
+
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.3"
+      # after ruby/ruby@ce47ee00
+      ractor = Ractor.new do
+        Ractor.receive
+      end
+
+      assert_raises(Ractor::Error) { ractor.send(db) }
+    else
+      # before ruby/ruby@ce47ee00 T_DATA objects could be copied
+      ractor = Ractor.new do
+        local_db = Ractor.receive
+        Ractor.yield local_db.object_id
+      end
+      ractor.send(db)
+      copy_id = ractor.take
+
+      assert_not_equal db.object_id, copy_id
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_ractor_stress
+    skip("Requires Ruby with Ractors") unless SQLite3.ractor_safe?
+
+    # Testing with a file instead of :memory: since it can be more realistic
+    # compared with real production use, and so discover problems that in-
+    # memory testing won't find. Trivial example: STRESS_DB_NAME needs to be
+    # frozen to pass into the Ractor, but :memory: might avoid that problem by
+    # using a literal string.
+    db = SQLite3::Database.open(STRESS_DB_NAME)
+    db.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL") # A little slow without this
+    db.execute("create table stress_test (a integer primary_key, b text)")
+    random = Random.new.freeze
+    ractors = (0..9).map do |ractor_number|
+      Ractor.new(random, ractor_number) do |random, ractor_number|
+        db_in_ractor = SQLite3::Database.open(STRESS_DB_NAME)
+        db_in_ractor.busy_handler do
+          sleep random.rand / 100 # Lots of busy errors happen with multiple concurrent writers
+          true
+        end
+        100.times do |i|
+          db_in_ractor.execute("insert into stress_test(a, b) values (#{ractor_number * 100 + i}, '#{random.rand}')")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    ractors.each { |r| r.take }
+    final_check = Ractor.new do
+      db_in_ractor = SQLite3::Database.open(STRESS_DB_NAME)
+      res = db_in_ractor.execute("select count(*) from stress_test")
+      Ractor.yield res
+    end
+    res = final_check.take
+    assert_equal 1000, res[0][0]
+  end
+end