Update links to https (SciTools#5621)

* Update links to https * Update test and docstring
stephenworsley · Dec 11, 2023 · 1e1a215 · 1e1a215
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diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ Features added
 
 Incompatible changes
 --------------------
-* The Iris data model is now fully aligned with the `CF data model <http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/documents/cf-conventions/>`_ .
+* The Iris data model is now fully aligned with the `CF data model <https://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/documents/cf-conventions/>`_ .
   Iris remains file-format independent, as is the underlying CF data model.
 * Cube merging has been re-written for the new CF data model with the benefit that some corner cases are now better handled. 
   Some users may find that their cubes, once merged, now have a smaller total shape and more intelligent handling of dimension coordinate picking.
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ Features added
   given cubes (see :func:`iris.iterate.izip`).
 * Cell methods will now appear in the printout of a cube.
 * Supporting software dependency versions have been updated. Of particular note is matplotlib which has gone from version 1.0.1
-  up to `1.1.0 <http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/whats_new.html#new-in-matplotlib-1-1>`_ . This may have a small impact on
+  up to `1.1.0 <https://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/whats_new.html#new-in-matplotlib-1-1>`_ . This may have a small impact on
   some plot element placements.  
 
 Incompatible changes

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ developer version or the most recent released
          alt="#showyourstripes Global 1850-2021"></a>
 </h4>
 
-**Graphics and Lead Scientist**: [Ed Hawkins](http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~ed/home/index.php), National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading.
+**Graphics and Lead Scientist**: [Ed Hawkins](https://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~ed/home/index.php), National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading.
 
 **Data**: Berkeley Earth, NOAA, UK Met Office, MeteoSwiss, DWD, SMHI, UoR, Meteo France & ZAMG.
 

diff --git a/benchmarks/asv.conf.json b/benchmarks/asv.conf.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     "project_url": "https://github.com/SciTools/iris",
     "repo": "..",
     "environment_type": "conda-delegated",
-    "show_commit_url": "http://github.com/scitools/iris/commit/",
+    "show_commit_url": "https://github.com/scitools/iris/commit/",
     "branches": ["upstream/main"],
 
     "benchmark_dir": "./benchmarks",

diff --git a/docs/gallery_code/general/plot_anomaly_log_colouring.py b/docs/gallery_code/general/plot_anomaly_log_colouring.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 :meth:`iris.plot.pcolormesh`, which call the underlying matplotlib
 functions of the same names (i.e., :obj:`matplotlib.pyplot.pcolor`
 and :obj:`matplotlib.pyplot.pcolormesh`).
-See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_color#Pseudocolor.
+See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_color#Pseudocolor.
 
 """
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def main():
 
     # Use a standard colour map which varies blue-white-red.
     # For suitable options, see the 'Diverging colormaps' section in:
-    # http://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html
+    # https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html
     anom_cmap = "bwr"
 
     # Create a 'logarithmic' data normalization.

diff --git a/docs/src/IEP/IEP001.adoc b/docs/src/IEP/IEP001.adoc
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ There is a risk that this topic could bog down when dealing with non-standard ca
 * Boolean array indexing
 * Lambdas?
 * What to do about constrained loading?
-* Relationship to http://scitools.org.uk/iris/docs/v1.9.2/iris/iris/cube.html#iris.cube.Cube.intersection[iris.cube.Cube.intersection]?
+* Relationship to https://scitools.org.uk/iris/docs/v1.9.2/iris/iris/cube.html#iris.cube.Cube.intersection[iris.cube.Cube.intersection]?
 * Relationship to interpolation (especially nearest-neighbour)?
 ** e.g. What to do about values that don't exist?
 *** pandas throws a KeyError
-*** xarray supports (several) nearest-neighbour schemes via http://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/indexing.html#nearest-neighbor-lookups[`data.sel()`]
-*** Apparently http://holoviews.org/[holoviews] does nearest-neighbour interpolation.
+*** xarray supports (several) nearest-neighbour schemes via https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/indexing.html#nearest-neighbor-lookups[`data.sel()`]
+*** Apparently https://holoviews.org/[holoviews] does nearest-neighbour interpolation.
 * multi-dimensional coordinate => unroll?
 * var_name only selection? `cube.vloc(t0=12)`
 * Orthogonal only? Or also independent? `cube.loc_points(lon=[1, 1, 5], lat=[31, 33, 32])`
@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ cube.interpolate(
 
 ## References
 . Iris
- * http://scitools.org.uk/iris/docs/v1.9.2/iris/iris.html#iris.Constraint[iris.Constraint]
- * http://scitools.org.uk/iris/docs/v1.9.2/userguide/subsetting_a_cube.html[Subsetting a cube]
-. http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html[pandas indexing]
-. http://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/indexing.html[xarray indexing]
-. http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0472/[PEP 472 - Support for indexing with keyword arguments]
-. http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/gist/rsignell-usgs/13d7ce9d95fddb4983d4cbf98be6c71d[Time slicing NetCDF or OPeNDAP datasets] - Rich Signell's xarray/iris comparison focussing on time handling and performance
+ * https://scitools.org.uk/iris/docs/v1.9.2/iris/iris.html#iris.Constraint[iris.Constraint]
+ * https://scitools.org.uk/iris/docs/v1.9.2/userguide/subsetting_a_cube.html[Subsetting a cube]
+. https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html[pandas indexing]
+. https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/indexing.html[xarray indexing]
+. https://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0472/[PEP 472 - Support for indexing with keyword arguments]
+. https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/gist/rsignell-usgs/13d7ce9d95fddb4983d4cbf98be6c71d[Time slicing NetCDF or OPeNDAP datasets] - Rich Signell's xarray/iris comparison focussing on time handling and performance
diff --git a/docs/src/conf.py b/docs/src/conf.py
@@ -380,19 +380,19 @@ def _dotv(version):
 # url link checker.  Some links work but report as broken, lets ignore them.
 # See https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/1.2/config.html#options-for-the-linkcheck-builder
 linkcheck_ignore = [
-    "http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/82adec1f896af6169112d09cc1174499",
-    "http://cfconventions.org",
-    "http://code.google.com/p/msysgit/downloads/list",
-    "http://effbot.org",
+    "https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/82adec1f896af6169112d09cc1174499",
+    "https://cfconventions.org",
+    "https://code.google.com/p/msysgit/downloads/list",
+    "https://effbot.org",
     "https://help.github.com",
     "https://docs.github.com",
     "https://github.com",
-    "http://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer_updates.html",
-    "http://scitools.github.com/cartopy",
-    "http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/DPFS/documents/485_Vol_I_en_colour.pdf",
+    "https://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer_updates.html",
+    "https://scitools.github.com/cartopy",
+    "https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/DPFS/documents/485_Vol_I_en_colour.pdf",
     "https://software.ac.uk/how-cite-software",
-    "http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/conventions/cdc_netcdf_standard.shtml",
-    "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence",
+    "https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/conventions/cdc_netcdf_standard.shtml",
+    "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence",
     "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/",
     "https://biggus.readthedocs.io/",
     "https://stickler-ci.com/",

diff --git a/docs/src/copyright.rst b/docs/src/copyright.rst
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ are licensed under the UK's Open Government Licence:
 
     You may use and re-use the information featured on this website (not including logos) free of
     charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the
-    `Open Government Licence <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence>`_.
+    `Open Government Licence <https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence>`_.
     We encourage users to establish hypertext links to this website.
 
     Any email enquiries regarding the use and re-use of this information resource should be

diff --git a/docs/src/developers_guide/contributing_deprecations.rst b/docs/src/developers_guide/contributing_deprecations.rst
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ If you need to make a backwards-incompatible change to a public API
 [#public-api]_ that has been included in a release (e.g. deleting a
 method), then you must first deprecate the old behaviour in at least
 one release, before removing/updating it in the next
-`major release <http://semver.org/>`_.
+`major release <https://semver.org/>`_.
 
 
 Adding a Deprecation

diff --git a/docs/src/developers_guide/contributing_documentation_full.rst b/docs/src/developers_guide/contributing_documentation_full.rst
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ run::
 See :data:`iris.cube.Cube.data` for an example of using the `doctest`_
 approach.
 
-.. _doctest: http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/ext/doctest.html
+.. _doctest: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/ext/doctest.html
 
 The hyperlinks in the documentation can be checked automatically.
 If there is a link that is known to work it can be excluded from the checks by

diff --git a/docs/src/developers_guide/documenting/rest_guide.rst b/docs/src/developers_guide/documenting/rest_guide.rst
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ source format. This guide will cover some of the more frequently used advanced
 reST markup syntaxes, for the basics of reST the following links may be useful:
 
 * https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/
-* http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project/sphinx.html
+* https://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project/sphinx.html
 
-Reference documentation for reST can be found at http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html.
+Reference documentation for reST can be found at https://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html.
 
 Creating Links
 --------------
-Basic links can be created with ```Text of the link <http://example.com>`_``
-which will look like `Text of the link <http://example.com>`_
+Basic links can be created with ```Text of the link <https://example.com>`_``
+which will look like `Text of the link <https://example.com>`_
 
 
 Documents in the same project can be cross referenced with the syntax
@@ -41,4 +41,4 @@ syntax ``:py:class:`zipfile.ZipFile``` which will result in links such as
 :py:class:`zipfile.ZipFile` and :py:class:`numpy.ndarray`.
 
 
-.. _reST: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReStructuredText
+.. _reST: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReStructuredText
diff --git a/docs/src/developers_guide/gitwash/LICENSE b/docs/src/developers_guide/gitwash/LICENSE
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 =========
 
 We release the documents under the Creative Commons attribution license:
-http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
+https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
 
 We release the code under the simplified BSD license:
 

diff --git a/docs/src/developers_guide/gitwash/git_links.inc b/docs/src/developers_guide/gitwash/git_links.inc
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
    __not_case_sensitive__, so only one target definition is needed for
    nipy, NIPY, Nipy, etc...
 
-.. _git: http://git-scm.com/
+.. _git: https://git-scm.com/
 .. _github: https://github.com
 .. _github help: https://help.github.com
 .. _git documentation: https://git-scm.com/docs
 
-.. _linux git workflow: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg39091.html
+.. _linux git workflow: https://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg39091.html
 
 .. |emdash| unicode:: U+02014
diff --git a/docs/src/developers_guide/release.rst b/docs/src/developers_guide/release.rst
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ For further details on how to test Iris, see :ref:`developer_running_tests`.
 .. _rc_iris: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/iris/labels
 .. _Generating Distribution Archives: https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/packaging-projects/#generating-distribution-archives
 .. _Packaging Your Project: https://packaging.python.org/guides/distributing-packages-using-setuptools/#packaging-your-project
-.. _latest CF standard names: http://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-standard-names/current/src/cf-standard-name-table.xml
+.. _latest CF standard names: https://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-standard-names/current/src/cf-standard-name-table.xml
 .. _setuptools-scm: https://github.com/pypa/setuptools_scm
 .. _Semantic Versioning: https://semver.org/
 .. _PEP 440: https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/

diff --git a/docs/src/further_topics/ugrid/data_model.rst b/docs/src/further_topics/ugrid/data_model.rst
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The Detail
      (e.g. Inkscape). They were originally made in MS PowerPoint.
 
     Uses the IBM Colour Blind Palette (see
-     http://ibm-design-language.eu-de.mybluemix.net/design/language/resources/color-library
+     https://ibm-design-language.eu-de.mybluemix.net/design/language/resources/color-library
      )
 
 Structured Grids (the old world)

diff --git a/docs/src/further_topics/um_files_loading.rst b/docs/src/further_topics/um_files_loading.rst
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ Notes:
 #.  Iris treats Fieldsfile data almost exactly as if it were PP  -- i.e. it
     treats each field's lookup table entry like a PP header.
 #.  The Iris data model is based on
-    `NetCDF CF conventions <http://cfconventions.org/>`_, so most of this can
+    `NetCDF CF conventions <https://cfconventions.org/>`_, so most of this can
     also be seen as a metadata translation between PP and CF terms, but it is
     easier to discuss in terms of Iris elements.
 
 For details of Iris terms (cubes, coordinates, attributes), refer to
 :ref:`Iris data structures <iris_data_structures>`.
 
-For details of CF conventions, see http://cfconventions.org/.
+For details of CF conventions, see https://cfconventions.org/.
 
 Overview of Loading Process
 ---------------------------
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ Time Information
 
 In Iris (as in CF) times and time intervals are both expressed as simple
 numbers, following the approach of the
-`UDUNITS project <http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/udunits/>`_.
+`UDUNITS project <https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/udunits/>`_.
 These values are stored as cube coordinates, where the scaling and calendar
 information is contained in the :attr:`~iris.coords.Coord.units` property.
 

diff --git a/docs/src/index.rst b/docs/src/index.rst
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Iris
 **A powerful, format-agnostic, community-driven Python package for analysing
 and visualising Earth science data.**
 
-Iris implements a data model based on the `CF conventions <http://cfconventions.org>`_
+Iris implements a data model based on the `CF conventions <https://cfconventions.org>`_
 giving you a powerful, format-agnostic interface for working with your data.
 It excels when working with multi-dimensional Earth Science data, where tabular
 representations become unwieldy and inefficient.

diff --git a/docs/src/userguide/cube_maths.rst b/docs/src/userguide/cube_maths.rst
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Notice that the calculation of the *anomaly* involves subtracting a
 because cube broadcasting is performed during cube arithmetic operations.
 
 Cube broadcasting follows similar broadcasting rules as
-`NumPy <http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.broadcasting.html>`_, but
+`NumPy <https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.broadcasting.html>`_, but
 the additional richness of Iris coordinate meta-data provides an enhanced
 capability beyond the basic broadcasting behaviour of NumPy.
 

diff --git a/docs/src/userguide/glossary.rst b/docs/src/userguide/glossary.rst
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Glossary
         This also forms the data model which iris is based on.
 
         | **Related:** :term:`NetCDF Format`
-        | **More information:** `CF Conventions <http://cfconventions.org/>`_
+        | **More information:** `CF Conventions <https://cfconventions.org/>`_
         |
 
    Coordinate
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Glossary
 
    Standard Name
         A name describing a :term:`phenomenon`,  one from a fixed list
-        defined at `CF Standard Names <http://cfconventions.org/standard-names.html>`_.
+        defined at `CF Standard Names <https://cfconventions.org/standard-names.html>`_.
 
         | **Related:** :term:`Long Name` **|** :term:`Cube`
         | **More information:** :doc:`iris_cubes`

diff --git a/docs/src/userguide/plotting_a_cube.rst b/docs/src/userguide/plotting_a_cube.rst
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ the temperature at some latitude cross-sections.
     that any useful functions or variables defined within the script can be 
     imported into other scripts without running all of the code and thus 
     creating an unwanted plot. This is discussed in more detail at 
-    `<http://effbot.org/pyfaq/tutor-what-is-if-name-main-for.htm>`_.
+    `<https://effbot.org/pyfaq/tutor-what-is-if-name-main-for.htm>`_.
 
     In order to run this example, you will need to copy the code into a file 
     and run it using ``python my_file.py``.
@@ -285,15 +285,15 @@ These colour schemes are freely available under the following licence::
       Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
       You may obtain a copy of the License at
   
-      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   
       Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
       under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
       CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
       specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 
 To include a reference in a journal article or report please refer to 
-`section 5 <http://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer_updates.html>`_
+`section 5 <https://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer_updates.html>`_
 in the citation guidance provided by Cynthia Brewer.
 
 For adding citations to Iris plots, see :ref:`brewer-cite` (below). 

diff --git a/docs/src/userguide/real_and_lazy_data.rst b/docs/src/userguide/real_and_lazy_data.rst
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ both Iris cubes and coordinates, and for computing deferred operations on lazy a
 
 Dask provides processing options to control how deferred operations on lazy arrays
 are computed. This is provided via the ``dask.set_options`` interface. See the
-`dask documentation <http://dask.pydata.org/en/latest/scheduler-overview.html>`_
+`dask documentation <https://dask.pydata.org/en/latest/scheduler-overview.html>`_
 for more information on setting dask processing options.
 
 

diff --git a/docs/src/whatsnew/1.0.rst b/docs/src/whatsnew/1.0.rst
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ CF Name
 For convenience, Iris also includes the :class:`~iris.coord_systems.OSGB`
 class which provides a simple way to create the transverse Mercator
 coordinate system used by the British
-`Ordnance Survey <http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/>`_.
+`Ordnance Survey <https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/>`_.
 
 
 .. _whats-new-cartopy:
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Using Cartopy for Mapping in Matplotlib
 ---------------------------------------
 
 The underlying map drawing package has now been updated to use
-`Cartopy <http://scitools.github.com/cartopy>`_. Cartopy provides a
+`Cartopy <https://scitools.github.com/cartopy>`_. Cartopy provides a
 highly flexible set of mapping tools, with a consistent, intuitive
 interface. As yet it doesn't have feature-parity with basemap, but its
 goal is to make maps "just work", making it the perfect complement to Iris.
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ interface:
     and :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.gca` should be used instead.
 
 For more examples of what can be done with Cartopy, see the Iris gallery and
-`Cartopy's documentation  <http://scitools.github.com/cartopy>`_.
+`Cartopy's documentation  <https://scitools.github.com/cartopy>`_.
 
 
 Hybrid-Pressure
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ function. The recommended text for the Cynthia Brewer citation is provided
 by :data:`iris.plot.BREWER_CITE`.
 
 To include a reference in a journal article or report please refer to
-`section 5 <http://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer_updates.html>`_
+`section 5 <https://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer_updates.html>`_
 in the citation guidance provided by Cynthia Brewer.
 
 

diff --git a/docs/src/whatsnew/1.13.rst b/docs/src/whatsnew/1.13.rst
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Bug Fixes
 
 * The CF conventions state that certain ``formula_terms`` terms may be omitted
   and assumed to be zero 
-  (http://cfconventions.org/cf-conventions/v1.6.0/cf-conventions.html#dimensionless-v-coord)
+  (https://cfconventions.org/cf-conventions/v1.6.0/cf-conventions.html#dimensionless-v-coord)
   so Iris now allows factories to be constructed with missing terms.
 
 * In the User Guide's contour plot example, clabel inline is set to be False

diff --git a/docs/src/whatsnew/1.4.rst b/docs/src/whatsnew/1.4.rst
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Features
 
 * Use the latest release of Cartopy, v0.8.0.
 
-.. _OPeNDAP: http://www.opendap.org
+.. _OPeNDAP: https://www.opendap.org
 .. _exp-regrid:
 
 Experimental Regridding Enhancements
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Cubes can now be loaded directly from the internet, via OPeNDAP_.
 
 For example::
 
-        cubes = iris.load("http://geoport.whoi.edu/thredds/dodsC/bathy/gom15")
+        cubes = iris.load("https://geoport.whoi.edu/thredds/dodsC/bathy/gom15")
 
 
 .. _geotiff_export:

diff --git a/docs/src/whatsnew/1.6.rst b/docs/src/whatsnew/1.6.rst
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Features
         iris.Constraint(time=lambda cell: cell.point.month != 1 and cell.point.day != 1)
 
     Note that, :class:`iris.Future` also supports a
-    `context manager <http://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#context-managers>`_
+    `context manager <https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#context-managers>`_
     which allows multiple sections of code to execute with different run-time
     behaviour.
 

diff --git a/docs/src/whatsnew/2.0.rst b/docs/src/whatsnew/2.0.rst
@@ -295,6 +295,6 @@ Documentation
 
 
 .. _Biggus: https://biggus.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
-.. _Dask: http://dask.pydata.org/en/latest/
+.. _Dask: https://dask.pydata.org/en/latest/
 .. _iris_grib: https://github.com/SciTools/iris-grib/
-.. _schedulers: http://dask.pydata.org/en/latest/scheduler-overview.html
+.. _schedulers: https://dask.pydata.org/en/latest/scheduler-overview.html