feat(examples): Introduce Python 3.12 FastAPI base-based example

examples/fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base/.dockerignore

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+/.unikraft/
+/Kraftfile
+/Dockerfile
+/README.md

examples/fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base/.gitignore

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+/.unikraft/

examples/fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base/Dockerfile

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+FROM python:3.12 AS base
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+
+RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+FROM scratch
+
+# System libraries
+COPY --from=base /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=base /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=base /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=base /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=base /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=base /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=base /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/
+COPY --from=base /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1
+COPY --from=base /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.3
+COPY --from=base /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.3
+
+# Python
+COPY --from=base /usr/local/lib/python3.12 /usr/local/lib/python3.12
+COPY --from=base /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
+COPY --from=base /usr/local/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0 /usr/local/lib/libpython3.12.so.1.0
+
+# App
+COPY ./server.py /app/server.py

examples/fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base/Kraftfile

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+spec: v0.6
+
+name: fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base
+
+runtime: base:latest
+
+rootfs: ./Dockerfile
+
+cmd: ["/usr/local/bin/python3", "/app/server.py"]

examples/fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base/README.md

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+# Python FastAPI Web Server
+
+This directory contains a Python 3.12 [`FastAPI`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/) web server using ['Uvicorn'](https://www.uvicorn.org/) running on Unikraft.
+
+## Set Up
+
+To run this example, [install Unikraft's companion command-line toolchain `kraft`](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli), clone this repository and `cd` into this directory.
+
+## Run and Use
+
+Use `kraft` to run the image and start a Unikraft instance:
+
+```bash
+kraft run --rm -p 8080:8080 --plat qemu --arch x86_64 -M 512M .
+```
+
+If the `--plat` argument is left out, it defaults to `qemu`.
+If the `--arch` argument is left out, it defaults to your system's CPU architecture.
+
+Once executed, it will open port `8080` and wait for connections.
+To test it, you can use `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl localhost:8080
+```
+
+You should see a "Bye, World!" message.
+
+## Inspect and Close
+
+To list information about the Unikraft instance, use:
+
+```bash
+kraft ps
+```
+
+```text
+NAME           KERNEL                          ARGS                             CREATED         STATUS   MEM   PORTS                   PLAT
+nifty_bubbles  oci://unikraft.org/python:3.12  /usr/bin/python3 /app/server.py  11 seconds ago  running  488M  0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp  qemu/x86_64
+```
+
+The instance name is `nifty_bubbles`.
+To close the Unikraft instance, close the `kraft` process (e.g., via `Ctrl+c`) or run:
+
+```bash
+kraft rm nifty_bubbles
+```
+
+Note that depending on how you modify this example your instance **may** need more memory to run.
+To do so, use the `kraft run`'s `-M` flag, for example:
+
+```bash
+kraft run --rm -p 8080:8080 --plat qemu --arch x86_64 -M 1024M .
+```
+
+## `kraft` and `sudo`
+
+Mixing invocations of `kraft` and `sudo` can lead to unexpected behavior.
+Read more about how to start `kraft` without `sudo` at [https://unikraft.org/sudoless](https://unikraft.org/sudoless).
+
+## Learn More
+
+- [How to run unikernels locally](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli/running)
+- [Building `Dockerfile` Images with `BuildKit`](https://unikraft.org/guides/building-dockerfile-images-with-buildkit)

examples/fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base/requirements.txt

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+fastapi==0.116.0
+uvicorn==0.23.2

examples/fastapi0.116.0-python3.12-base/server.py

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+from fastapi import FastAPI
+import uvicorn
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+@app.get("/")
+def hello():
+  return "Bye, World!"
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8080)