fix(analyzer): fix crash when analzing first class callable

[azjezz]

This PR fixes a runtime crash with first-class callables and significantly refactors conditional logic analysis for clarity and maintainability.

Example:

<?php

while (count(...) > 1) { /* panics */ }

---

Key Changes:

• Fixes Crash: Resolves an assertion exception when ->getArgs() is called on a FuncCall node representing a first-class callable. The new isFunctionCallToOneOf() helper now safely handles this.
• Reduces Duplication & Improves Clarity:
  • Consolidated duplicated logic in various conditional checks (e.g., numeric comparisons like hasInferior/SuperiorNumberCheck are now handled by getComparisonLiteralOperand() and getLiteralIntegerFromExpression()).
  • Similar refactoring applied to gettype, get_debug_type, get_class, and count/sizeof checks.
  • Introduced multiple helper methods to centralize checks and make intent clearer.
• Optimizes: Implements short-circuiting for some boolean expressions.

[azjezz]

@danog please let me know if i should split this PR into smaller ones. I initially was just reading through AssertionFinder and came across the bug mentioned above, and got carried away with refactoring and optimizing things :)