[storage] move to crc32c

[andresilva]

This PR update the storage crate to use CRC32C for checksumming. For 4 KB blocks, CRC-32C (Castagnoli) has higher guaranteed hamming distance than the classic CRC-32 (IEEE). Concretely, CRC-32C guarantees detection of any combination of up to 5 bit errors within a 4 KB block, whereas CRC-32 (IEEE) only guarantees detection of up to ~3-4 bit errors at that size. Both detect all burst errors up to 32 bits, but CRC-32C has fewer undetected multi-bit patterns beyond that.

I ran the full storage benchmark suite against main, crc_fast with CRC32 algorithm and crc_fast with CRC32C algorithm (this PR). Benchmarks were done on a AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D.

main vs fast-crc32
main vs fast-crc32c (this PR)
fast-crc32 vs fast-crc32c

Closes #2589.

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[andresilva]

Created some benchmarks for the crates directly: https://andresilva.github.io/crc32-bench/report/

Benchmark code is here https://github.com/andresilva/crc32-bench.

[andresilva]

crc-fast did a new release that makes it faster at small inputs (https://github.com/awesomized/crc-fast-rust/releases/tag/1.9.0):

• new benchmark report: https://andresilva.github.io/crc32-bench/report/
• old benchmark report: https://andresilva.github.io/crc32-bench/report-fast-crc-1.8.2/

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[andresilva]

Replaced by #2740.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 96.15385% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 92.62%. Comparing base (c5c573e) to head (4c340cb).
⚠️ Report is 34 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
storage/src/crc32.rs	93.87%	3 Missing ⚠️

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2591   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   92.62%   92.62%           
=======================================
  Files         357      358    +1     
  Lines      102956   103007   +51     
=======================================
+ Hits        95366    95415   +49     
- Misses       7590     7592    +2     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
storage/src/freezer/mod.rs	99.70% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
storage/src/freezer/storage.rs	89.56% <100.00%> (ø)
storage/src/journal/contiguous/fixed.rs	97.40% <100.00%> (ø)
storage/src/journal/segmented/variable.rs	93.78% <100.00%> (ø)
storage/src/lib.rs	0.00% <ø> (ø)
storage/src/metadata/storage.rs	89.57% <100.00%> (ø)
storage/src/ordinal/mod.rs	99.64% <100.00%> (ø)
storage/src/ordinal/storage.rs	84.03% <100.00%> (ø)
storage/src/crc32.rs	93.87% <93.87%> (ø)

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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