[2023] A few fixes, software tests, and other modernizations

[amotl]

Bugfixes

• Fix nearest-station with --format=json
• Fix filtering by int64-type identifiers, see When using parameter "--year", the program yields empty output #7
• Fix SQL filtering with DuckDB

Tests

• Tests: Add software tests
• CI: Add GHA configuration to invoke software tests

Maintenance

• Dependencies: Switch from appdirs to platformdirs
• Python 3.7 to 3.11 compatibility fixes

Documentation

• Improve documentation across the board

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (main@5f4f2d4). Click here to learn what that means.
Patch has no changes to coverable lines.

❗ Current head d9b47f4 differs from pull request most recent head 6d163f0. Consider uploading reports for the commit 6d163f0 to get more accurate results

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main      #10   +/-   ##
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  Coverage        ?   89.68%           
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  Files           ?        6           
  Lines           ?      601           
  Branches        ?        0           
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  Hits            ?      539           
  Misses          ?       62           
  Partials        ?        0           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	89.68% <0.00%> (?)

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