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Persona gap analysis
The original purpose was to raise awareness of the different approaches to access the web that people have. There is still a need for that but there is the opportunity to present needs and barriers within each persona to help design teams explore how solution options do or don't support disabled people.
- How people with disabilities use the web - W3C WAI
- Use Cases/Persona - W3C COGA Task Force
- Diverse Personas from Barclays - Issue 1, Issue 2
- Understanding disabilities and impairments: user profiles from UK Government Digital Service
- Dos and don'ts on designing for accessibility - UK Home Office
- A day in the life - Moocap
- Personas for Accessible UX from Rosenfeld/Whitney Quesenbery
- An Alphabet of Accessibility Issues by Anne Gibson
- Designing for disability: quick do's and don'ts - The Big Hack (based on the UK Home Office work)
These resources should be reviewed to consider how needs identified within these different areas might need to be reflected in any user stories.
- Accessibility Requirements for People with Low Vision
- Mobile Accessibility: How WCAG 2.0 and Other W3C/WAI Guidelines Apply to Mobile
- Media Accessibility User Requirements
- RTC Accessibility User Requirements
- XR Accessibility User Requirements
Persona type | HPWDUTW | COGA | Barclays | UK GDS | UK Home Office | Moocap | Rosenfeld | Total represented |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colour vision deficiency | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | 2 |
Blind | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 6 |
Partially sighted/Low vision | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 5 |
Deaf and blind | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | 1 |
Hard of hearing | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | 3 |
Deaf | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 5 |
Cerebral Palsy | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | 2 |
Upper limb injury/condition | Yes | No | No | No | (Yes) | Yes | Yes | 4 |
Arthritis (Osteo or rheumatoid) | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | 2 |
Dyspraxia | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | 1 |
Older adult with multiple conditions | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | 3 |
Dyslexia | (Yes) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 6 |
Alzheimer's | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | 2 |
Bipolar Disorder | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | 1 |
ASC or Asperger's | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 5 |
Down syndrome | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | 3 |
Speech impairment | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | 1 |
Dyscalculia | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | 1 |
Memory loss | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | 1 |
Brain injury | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | 1 |
Total | 8 | 10 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 |
These observations are in comparison against How People with Disabilities Use the Web.
- ASC/Asperger's is present in most other persona sets
- Partial sighted/low-vision is presented in most other persona sets
- Deaf and blind is present in no other persona sets
- Deaf is present in most other persona sets
- Three personas from the COGA set of 10 are covered
- Three personas from COGA are not presented in any other persona sets
These are taken from the above documents. As such they may not represent every need but only those that the authors of the above chose to focus on.
Needs | Colour vision deficiency | Blind | Partially sighted | Deaf and blind | Hard of hearing | Deaf | Upper limb | Cerebral palsy | Artritis | Dyspraxia | Older adult | ADHD | Dyslexia | Alzheimer's | Bipolar disorder | ASC | Down syndrome | Speech impairment | Dyscalculia | Memory loss | Brain injury | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alternative text | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Alternatives to gestures | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Audio and video transcripts | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Avoid need to remember information from previous steps | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Avoid non-literal text, e.g. metaphors | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Captioning for videos | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Clear error messages and support to fix | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Clear instructions | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Clear logical processes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7 | ||||||||||||||
Consistent layout and navigation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 10 | |||||||||||
Content zooms | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Control over or no timeouts | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Controls for moving or noisy content | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Controls to adjust content presentation | Yes | Yes | Yes | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Don't underline, capitalise or use italics | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Don't use colour alone | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Glossary of technical terms | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Good contrast | Yes | Yes | Yes | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Good semantic mark up | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 8 | |||||||||||||
Good sized controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Good sized text | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Good use of whitespace | Yes | Yes | Yes | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Graphical link text matches alternative text | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heading structure | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7 | ||||||||||||||
Icons with associated text | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7 | ||||||||||||||
Keyboard navigation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7 | ||||||||||||||
Limited typing and scrolling | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Links clearly identified | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Modal windows work properly | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Multiple navigation options | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
New content appearing on-screen | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
No distracting or moving content | Yes | Yes | Yes | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
No image based CAPTCHA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
No keyboard traps | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
No pop-ups | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
No rapidly changing content | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Persistent instructions | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Plain language | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 9 | ||||||||||||
Poor colour choices for adjacent colours | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Present information in different ways | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Provide spelling suggestions | Yes | Yes | Yes | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Saving during long processes | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Sign language | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Simple design | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Space between controls | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Tab controls in pop-up | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Transcripts for audio and video | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Use images to support text | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Use linear, logical layout | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Use simple colours | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Use simple sentences and bullets | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Visible skip links | Yes | Yes | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Well positioned labels | Yes | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 3 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 7 | 2 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
These observations are only based on what has been identified from reviewing the available persona resources. They do not represent the whole of anyone's experience.
- 53 needs or barriers were identified across the persona sets.
- Personas with the highest number of identified needs are dyslexia, older adult, autistic spectrum condition, ADHD and upper limb injury or condition.
- Needs most reflected across all personas are consistent layout and navigation, plain language, good semantic mark-up, clear logical process, heading structure, icons with associated text and keyboard navigation.
- 21 needs/barriers are only present in one persona.
- There are apparent clusters of similar needs across:
- Deaf and Hard of hearing
- Blind and Deaf and blind
- ADHD and Dyslexia
- Brain injury and Alzheimer's